Several proven factors increase the risk of cervical cancer. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types remains the most significant. Other contributing factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, long-term lack of cervical screening, and certain medical conditions that reduce the body’s ability to clear HPV infections.
Fortunately, cervical cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer. HPV vaccination provides strong protection against the virus strains responsible for most cervical cancer cases. Many countries recommend routine vaccination before exposure to HPV, although adults who have not yet been vaccinated may still benefit depending on age and individual circumstances.
Women should also pay attention to symptoms that warrant medical evaluation. These include unusual vaginal bleeding between periods, bleeding after sexual intercourse, bleeding after menopause, persistent pelvic pain, or unusual vaginal discharge. While these symptoms do not necessarily indicate cervical cancer, they should never be ignored and deserve prompt assessment by a healthcare professional.
